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The two main aortic valve diseases are aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation. Aortic valves can become thick and narrowed (stenotic), causing them not to open fully, or curled at the edges and leaky (aortic valve regurgitation or insufficiency), resulting in a backflow of blood into the left ventricle.
Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis
Aortic stenosis may not produce immediate symptoms or signs. The first sign is usually an abnormal heart sound, or heart murmur, which may develop months or even decades before other signs and symptoms. Aortic stenosis ranges from mild to severe.
As the valve narrows, more signs and symptoms develop and can include : -
Chest pain (angina) or tightness
Feeling faint or fainting with physical exertion (exercise)
Dizziness
Fatigue, especially during times of increased activity
Shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion
Heart palpitations - sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat
Swollen ankles and feet
Causes
Causes of aortic regurgitation may be : -
Rheumatic fever :- This complication of strep throat was once a common childhood illness in the United States. It can damage the aortic valve, leading to aortic regurgitation later in life, and may damage more than one heart valve and in more than one way. A damaged heart valve may not open fully or close fully or both. Many older adults in the United States were exposed to rheumatic fever as children. Rheumatic fever is still prevalent in underdeveloped countries.
Deterioration of the valve with age :- The aortic valve opens and shuts tens of thousands of times a day, every day of a person's life. Aortic regurgitation may result from age-related wear and tear on the valve. We Care partner hospitals surgeons has extensive experience successfully treating elderly patients who have aortic regurgitation.
Endocarditis :- The aortic valve may be damaged by endocarditis an infection inside the heart that can involve the heart valves. Read more about endocarditis prevention.
Congenital heart defect: - Some infants are born with an aortic valve that has one leaflet (unicuspid valve) or two leaflets (bicuspid valve) rather than the normal three leaflets. This puts the child at risk of developing aortic regurgitation at some point in their life.
Diagnosis : - At We Care partner hospital, diagnosis begins with a complete physical examination by a medical team that specializes in heart care. Patients will be asked about their general health, including signs and symptoms, and a history of heart disease in their family.
Various tests can help diagnose the type of heart valve problem, the possible cause of a heart valve defect, determine how serious the problem is and whether the aortic valve needs to be surgically repaired or replaced.
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The two main aortic valve diseases are aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation. Aortic valves can become thick and narrowed (stenotic), causing them not to open fully, or curled at the edges and leaky (aortic valve regurgitation or insufficiency), resulting in a backflow of blood into the left ventricle. 
