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Decompressive laminectomy is the most common type of surgery done to treat spinal stenosis. This surgery is done to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots caused by age-related changes in the spine and to treat other conditions, such as injuries to the spine, herniated discs, or tumors. In many cases, reducing pressure on the nerve roots can relieve pain and allow you to resume normal daily activities.
Laminectomy removes bone (parts of the vertebrae) and/or thickened tissue that is narrowing the spinal canal and squeezing the spinal cord and nerve roots. This procedure is done by surgically cutting into the back.
In some cases, spinal fusion (arthrodesis) may be done at the same time to help stabilize sections of the spine treated with decompressive laminectomy. Spinal fusion is major surgery, usually lasting several hours. There are different methods of spinal fusion:
Why It Is Done ?
Surgery for spinal stenosis is considered when : -
Severe symptoms restrict normal daily activities and become more severe than you can manage.
Nonsurgical treatment does not relieve pain, and severe nerve compression symptoms of spinal stenosis (such as numbness or weakness) are getting worse.
You are less able to control your bladder or bowels than usual.
You notice sudden changes in your ability to walk in a steady way, or your movement becomes clumsy.
Most spinal stenosis occurs in the lower (lumbar) back. If you have stenosis in the neck (cervical) area, your health professional may recommend surgery because this condition can cause spinal cord and nerve damage and paralysis.
Risks
Complications from spinal stenosis surgery may result from the impact of other existing medical problems and the severity of the spinal problem. In addition, all surgery poses risks of complications. These complications may be more serious in an older adult.
Possible complications include : -
Problems from having general anesthesia.
A deep infection in the surgical wound.
A skin infection.
Blood clots in the deep leg or pelvic veins (deep vein thrombosis), which rarely travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
An unstable spine (more common after multiple laminectomies are done without using spinal fusion).
Nerve injury, including weakness, numbness, or paralysis.
Tears in the fibrous tissue that covers the spinal cord and the nerve near the spinal cord, sometimes requiring reoperation.
Difficulty passing urine or loss of bladder or bowel control.
Death (rare) related to major surgery.
If you have diabetes or heart disease or are a smoker, you may be at greater risk for complications.
Procedure to Conduct Decompressive Laminectomy
The patient will be asked to lie on his or her back on top of an operative table and be given an anesthetic. Once the anesthetic has taken effect, the limp body is then turned over on its stomach and the area of surgery will be prepped and cleansed. The procedure will then progress to phases that include decompression of the spinal cord and decompression of the spinal nerve before the muscle and skin incisions are sewn together with staples or sutures. Decompressive laminectomy recovery is known to relieve leg pain in about 70% of all patients, while 17% of all back pain cases in adults may require a second operation.
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Decompressive laminectomy is the most common type of surgery done to treat spinal stenosis. This surgery is done to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots caused by age-related changes in the spine and to treat other conditions, such as injuries to the spine, herniated discs, or tumors. In many cases, reducing pressure on the nerve roots can relieve pain and allow you to resume normal daily activities. 
The patient will be asked to lie on his or her back on top of an operative table and be given an anesthetic. Once the anesthetic has taken effect, the limp body is then turned over on its stomach and the area of surgery will be prepped and cleansed. The procedure will then progress to phases that include decompression of the spinal cord and decompression of the spinal nerve before the muscle and skin incisions are sewn together with staples or sutures. Decompressive laminectomy recovery is known to relieve leg pain in about 70% of all patients, while 17% of all back pain cases in adults may require a second operation. 
